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View/review/add to bibliography of important references

Stamps | Coins | Medals | Tokens | Banknotes  |  General Numismatic/Economic HistoriesEcuadorian economy 1830-1927 (pre-Banco Central)Ecuadorian economy 1927-1999 (during Banco Central)Post-1999 Economic Situation and/or DollarizationMixedRelatedFeedback Form

Below I am compiling a list of important references for Ecuadorian numismatics and philately. To add to the list or review one of the items listed, use the form below or click on the "email me at" link at the bottom of the page. 

Stamps
Asociación Filatélica Ecuatoriana, 'Catálogo y Precios Corrientes...'Banco Central del Ecuador, 'La Primera Emisión de Sellos Postales del Ecuador 1865-1872'Kunze, 'Who's Who on the Postage Stamps of Ecuador'Lowe, 'Latin America: Colour Trials, Sample Stamps'Postal History Society of the Americas, Postal History Journal June 1960 Volume IV No. 1 Whole No. 5

 
  • Asociación Filatélica Ecuatoriana. Catálogo y Precios Corrientes de los Sellos de Correo, Correo Aéreo, Timbres Fiscales y de Telégrafos del Ecuador. 1937. Quito: Tip. Fernández. 100 pages softbound. Price guide with illustrations, some descriptions. At the back contains a list of errata and a guide to stamp color names in various languages.

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  • Banco Central del Ecuador. División Técnica. La Primera Emisión de Sellos Postales del Ecuador. 1865-1872. 1982. 97 pp. Many colored illustrations. 

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  • Banco Central del Ecuador. Primer Suplemento del Album Didáctico de los Sellos Postales Emitidos por el Estado Ecuatoriano 1983-1985.. 1986. Quito: Artes Gráficas Señal Impreseñal Cía. Ltda. Isla Seymour. 39 pp. Supplement to the Ecuadorian stamp album for 1865-1982 stamps published in 1983. 2000 copies printed. Includes descriptions of the events/people depicted in the stamps, images of the stamps, numbers according to the Banco Central's numbering system, and an index.

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  • Earee, Rev. R.B. Album Weeds or How to Detect Forged Stamps. Fifth Edition, revised, enlarged and illustrated. Part II. By Courtesy of Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London. (pp. 128-136 deal with Ecuador.)

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  • Harris, Leo. Ecuador: Postal history and a Listing of Prephilatelic Postmarks.. The Collectors Club, Inc.: New York. 1984. 98 pages. ISBN 0-912574-40-2 (Paperback English Edition); 0-912574-38-1 (Paperback Spanish Edition); 0-912574-39-9 (Hardcover Second Edition in both English and Spanish.)
  • Note: Available from Stephan Forstreuter in Switzerland.
     

  • Higgens & Gage. World Postal Stationary Catalogue.. First edition 1966 + 1982 price supplement.
  • Note: Available from Stephan Forstreuter in Switzerland.
     

  • Kunze, Albert F. Who’s Who On The Postage Stamps of Ecuador. 1953. Washington DC: Pan American Union. 54 pages softbound. Basically a history of Ecuador and its leaders as told through its early postage stamps. Very interesting and informative.

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  • Lowe, Robson. Latin America: Colour Trials, Sample Stamps.. 1969, 52 pages, pricelist with many illustrations, softbound. Lists Waterlow & Sons sample stamps, die proofs and color trials sold by them in 1968-1969.
  • Note: Available from Stephan Forstreuter in Switzerland.
     

  • Olamo, Juhani V. The Revenue Stamps of Ecuador. 1994. YLE, Monistuspalvelu, Helsinki 1944. ISBN 952-90-6121-8. 184 pp. The most comprehensive volume extant for Ecuador revenue stamps.
  • Note: Available from Stephan Forstreuter in Switzerland.
     

  • Postal History Society of the Americas. Postal History Journal June 1960 Volume IV No. 1 Whole No. 5. [Includes information on the SCADTA Airmails of Ecuador, as well as many other articles.]

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    Scott 2001 Standard
    Postage Stamp...
    The Scott 2001 Standard Postage Stamp Catalog Vol. 2
    Countries C-F is available through Amazon.com.
    Click on the link to the left to order!

     
    Scott 2000 Standard
    Postage Stamp...
    Order The Scott 2000 Standard Postage Stamp Catalog
    Vol. 2 Countries C-F used through Amazon.com.
    Click on the link to the left to order!

     
     
  • Scott 1999 Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue: Countries of the World C-F (Vol. 2). James E. Kloetzel, ed. 155th ed. Sidney, Ohio: Scott Publishing Co. 1998. ISBN: 0894872419. [There are 2000 and 2001 catalogs out now also; although I have not yet examined them, you can order them from Amazon.com by clicking on the link above.]

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  • Temprano, Leo. Catálogo de Estampillas Poscentenario. 1971. Primera Edición . Agosto 1970. [Stamps from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela from the beginning of their second century of independence to around 1970. Catalog and price guide. In Spanish.]
Coins
Atz & Barton, 'Foreign Coins Struck at United States Mints'Harris, 'A Guide Book of Modern Latin American Coins'Krause-Mishler, 'Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1901-date' Krause-Mishler, 'Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1801-1900'Levine, 'Detecting Counterfeit Gold Coins Book 2'Seppa, 'The Coins of Ecuador 1833-1969'
  • Adams, Edgar H. The Julius Guttag Collection of Latin American Coins. 1974; Quarterman Publications. Reprint of the original 1929 edition. 527 pp. A classic reference work; photos are shown for the majority of the coins. Many coins labeled as to "die 1", "die 2", etc. Pages 194-205 dedicated to Ecuador. The main unique characteristic of this book from a modern point of view is its die information.

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  • Altz, Charles G. & E.H. Barton. Foreign Coins Struck at United States Mints. 1965. Whitman Publishing Company: Racine, Wisconsin. 63 pp. [Describes the government act authorizing the striking of foreign coins by U.S. mints, contains a summary of the number of different types of coins and total coins made for each country, lists (with mintages and the name of the striking U.S. mint) all coins produced by U.S. government mints and private mints. The catalog numbers correspond with those in Yeoman. For Ecuador, particularly useful for its description of the private Providence Mint and the revelation that it produced the 1919 5 and 10 centavos coins.]

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  • Carrión Letort, Eduardo. Monedas Ecuatorianas: Las monedas de la República 1830-1997. No date. 59 pp. Photo illustrated. Color pictorial card cover. 259 listings with text and price guide & 6 falsifications illustrated with text. [description from Remy Bourne Public Auction 9 catalog]

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  • Eklund, O.P. Copper Coins of Central and South America. 1962 American Numismatic Association reprint of an article originally appearing in The Numismatist. C-S 10526. 26 pages, cardcover. [Listing of the copper coins of Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Union of Central America), South American (Venezuela, Colombia, Guiana, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Chili, Argentine, Paraguay, Uruguay) and West Indies (Cuba, Haiti, Dominica).  Generally includes all the revolutionary, city-state, provincial, pattern, etc. and other coins often omitted from other catalogs.  Moderately well-illustrated via decent halftones. Includes pieces from 1694 to 1926.]. 
  • This article mentions the following items which are not listed in Krause and must be regarded as unconfirmed: 

    125. 1/2 centavo, 1884-86. HEATON BIRMINGHAM beneath the wreath. 
    Krause lists 1884 (confirmed), and 1886 (reported, not confirmed) 

    126. 1 centavo, 1884-86. Similar. 
    Krause lists 1884 & 1886. 

    127. 1/2 décimo, 1884-86. 
    Krause lists 1884 & 1886. 

    134. 2 1/2 centavos, 1917-18. 
    Krause lists 1917 only. 

    136. 10 centavos. 1917-18. 
    Krause lists 1918 only.
     

  • Elder, Thomas L.Catalog of the Skilton Collection of (Largely) Mexican and Latin American Coins and Medals . January 1982. Numismatic Intl. Paperback, 128pp.; ISBN: 1889172111. Auction sale catalog from an auction carried out in 1925 with prices realized. [There is only one lot of Ecuador coins. Click here to view this information in a new window.]

    Click here to check Amazon.com to see if they have started carrying Catalog of the Skilton Collection (ISBN 1889172111), or here to order from bn.com for 4.00. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]
     

  • Elizondo, Carlos A., Jr. Eight Reales and Pesos of the New World. First Edition 1968; Alvarez Printing. Pages 42-43 deal with Ecuador and contain several errores:

       
    • Type 1: 8 Reales 1846GJ, supposedly with legend "El Pader en la Constitución". Should read "Poder" rather than "Pader".

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    • Type 2: Supposedly 5 Reales 1858ER-GJ. Should read "5 Francos 1858ER-GJ".

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    • Type 3: 1 Sucre 1884-1897.

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    • Type 4: 5 Sucres 1943-1944.

      Page 122 deals with Galapagos and contains the RA counterstamped 1 Sucre coin.

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  • Fiero, David B. "Post colonial Ecuador coins threaten [sic.] by 'moneda feble'" . World Coin News, Vol. 27, No. 3. March 2000. Krause Publications, pp. 26, 28, 30, 32. Comments by Fiero on what struck him as most interesting while reviewing an advance copy of Michael Anderson's Numismatic History of Ecuador. Focuses on the struggle of the Quito Mint to establish itself after the country's independence, the inability of the Mint to get sufficient starting capital to allow it to later become self-sufficient, the tendency to debase the country's coinage, and the personal sacrifices of the then mint director William Jameson.

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  • Harris, Robert P.. A Guide Book of Modern Latin American Coins. 1966. Whitman Publishing Company: Racine, Wisconsin. 125 pp. [Introduction; Mints and Mint Marks; Physical and Statistical Data; A Short History of Latin America; Country-by-Country Descriptions (3 pages devoted to Ecuador); Numismatics in Latin America; Bibliography. This book is mainly useful for its information on the mints for some of the coins, information on a 1965 melting of Ecuadorian coins, and its comments on the earlier coinage being the most interesting.]
  • Below are reproduced the main text paragaphs on Ecuador:

    p. 63: "Coins were minted at Quito during the period 1833 to 1862. All coins listed below were produced at various mints outside Ecuador. Mints shown in paraenthesis are not indicated by the mint name on the coin. Other coins struck at Birmingham, Lima, México, Philadelphia, and Santiago usually have the mint name spelled out in full or abbreviated such as: HEATON, BIRMINGHAM, BIRMM, PHILADELPHIA, PHILA. U.S.A., and SANTIAGO CHILE."

    p. 65: "Early in 1965 the Spiral Metal Co. of South Amboy, New Jersey, U.S.A. refined 55 tons of Ecuadorean silver coin. This had been requested because the silver content was worth twice the face value of the coins. A large number of the melted coins were the 5 Sucres of 1943 and 1944. Despite the large numbers melted this coin is still quite common, and the value of those remaining has not been affected by those lost through melting."

    p. 120-121: "All of Ecuador's coinage covered by this Guide Book was produced abroad and excellent documentation exists. The earlier silver coins produced locally are far more interesting than the prosaic coinage of later years. There are several collectors and a numismatic society in the country."
     

    Search barnesandnoble.com for "Guide Book of Modern Latin American Coins"
    (if it doesn't find anything, click "search our rare, secondhand, & out of print store")

     
  • Holloway, Perry. "Coins provide chance to view Ecuador's beauty". World Coin News, Vol. 26, No. 5. May 1999. Krause Publications. pp. 24, 26-27. [A brief overview of Ecuador's monetary history combined with tourist information. It is worth reading if you plan to visit the country for its information on dealers in Quito and numismatic tourist attractions.]

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  • Hudgeons, Marc and Tom. The Official 2001 Blackbook Price Guide to World Coins. Fourth Edition, July 2000. 592 pp. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-676-60175-8. [The main part of the book, a guide to "the world's most popular coins", does not include a single Ecuador coin. However, the list they present near the beginning of the book of foreign coins minted by US government mints does include a list of the Ecuador coins minted by the Philadelphia and Denver mints. Click here to view this information in a new window.]

    Click here to order The Official 2001 Blackbook Price Guide to World Coins with 592 pages (ISBN 0676601758) from Amazon.com for 7.19, or here to order from bn.com for 7.19. [Prices last checked 28/jul/2001.]
     

  • Krause, Chester & Clifford Mishler. Standard Catalog of World Coins [1901-date]. 1999 edition. 26th edition. Iola, WI: Krause Publications. 1998. There are later editions but I haven't had the opportunity to review them yet.[The 28th edition (2001) came out May 2000, and the 29th edition (2002) May 2001.]

    Click here to order the 29th edition May 2001 with 2240 pages (ISBN 0873492439) from Amazon.com for 42.36, or here to order from bn.com for 42.36. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]

    Click here to order the 28th edition May 2000 with 2016 pages (ISBN 0873418840) from Amazon.com for 49.95, or here to check availability from bn.com. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]


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  • Krause, Chester & Clifford Mishler. Standard Catalog of World Coins. 1801-1900. Second edition. Iola, WI: Krause Publications. 1998.

    Click here to order the 2nd edition Sept. 1998 with 1032 pages (ISBN 087341652X) from Amazon.com for 45.00, or here to order from bn.com for 36.00. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]


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  • Levine, Lonesome John. Detecting Counterfeit Gold Coins Book 2. 1977. Nineteenth Printing July 1994. 161 pp. Descriptions and photos of counterfeit coins; focus on US but does contain two pages on a counterfeit Ecuadorian 1928 One Condor coin.

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  • Maldonado, Carla. "Atraco en el Banco Central: Un empleado del Fondo Numismático se llevó 231 monedas de oro antiguas, valoradas en 3.000 millones de sucres". Vistazo, No. 665, May 5 1995. pp. 88-90. [Describes the theft of 71 gold coins, 18 silver coins and 112 banknotes from the collection of the Banco Central in 1993 on the part of an employee, José Vela Cadena.]

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  • NASCA (Numismatic and Antiquarian Service Corporation of America). The Wayte Raymond Sale--Part IV. Public Auction Sale December 8, 1978. With Prices Realized. There are five Ecuador lots listed, the first being an apparently unique error variety:
     
    • 3837: 1835. 1 Doblon = 2 Escudos. Quito mint, assayer G.J. Fr. 1, Cr. 5. The "D" of the value is inverted. Reportedly unique. Fine. (Photo) ($3,000-Up) Bust of Liberty/Two mountains, a bird on each peak, sunface above. 6.38 gms. Several small digs or scratches. Our research reveals no information about this important variety.

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    • 3838: 1842-1942. Lot of 34 coins, including silver. Mostly average with a number in Unc. ($100-Up) 1) 1842. 4 Reales. Y.5. VF; 2) 1847. 2 Reales. Y.10. Abt. VF; 3) 1893. Decimo. Y.31. Unc.; 4) 1919. 10 Centavos. Y.40. Unc.

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    • 3839: The Rare 1846 8 Reales. 1846. 8 Reales. Y.12. Rarest coin of country. XF. (Photo) ($700-Up) Liberty head, similar to U.S. coins of the period/arms. A bit weak left-center reverse. Faintest lustre remains. One of the most important Latin American "crowns". Our estimate is based on Krause's price. This coin is so seldom offered for sale, and the condition is so nice, that we would be surprised to see it go for under $1000.

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    • 3840: Exceptional 1858 5 Francs. 1858 5 Francs. Y.13. Choice Au. (Photo) ($450-Up) Capped female bust/arms. Nicely toned, some central details not struck sharply. Very slight obverse cabinet friction. Krause $275 XF, but probably worth much more in that grade. This lot could reach the $1000-mark.

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    • 3841: 1892-1916. 2 Decimos. Silver, 900 Fine. Y.29. Grades to XF. 17 Pcs. ($30-Up)

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  • Nesmith, Robert I.. Dig for Pirate Treasure. 1958. New York: Bonanza Books. 302 pp., a few illustrations. Deals with treasure hunting; primarily descriptions of pirates and attempts to recover sunken treaure. Pages 176-177 mention several wrecks off of Ecuador for which at the time there were plans to attempt salvage in the near future.

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  • Obojski, Robert. "A Numismatic Visit to Quito and Guayaquil, Ecuador" . World Coins Magazine, April 1975. Sidney, Ohio. pp. 30, 31, 34, 36. [Interesting for its comments on how Ecuador's economy was ' prospering' at the time. Also mentions locations of good numismatic exhibits, comments on the price of gold and most popular gold coin in Ecuador, and discusses the Ecuador gold coin featured in Moby Dick. Click here to view this information in a new window.]]

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  • Paz y Mino, Isabel. "La Historia del Ecuador en Monedas". Vistazo, Sept. 3 1982. pp. 44-50. [An extensive description of the most important numismatic collection in the country at the time, pertaining to an Antionio Carrillo Bucheli, focusing on early coins and the history that surrounds them, from prehistory through the 1800's. Also some interesting information on the Galapagos coins with photos. We also learn that the collector prefers collecting coins to collecting women, because the women are more expensive.][Vistazo is one of the most popular magazines in Ecuador. After a friend gave me a photocopy of this article during a visit to Cuenca, I went to the local antique shop with the biggest clutter of old magazines and spent several hours going through them until I was able to find the original magazine the article comes from.]

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  • Potter, Ken. The Variety Collectors' Listing of World Doubled Dies. 1994. 23 pp. Unillustrated listing of 620 varieties listed by Lou Coles in his World Doubled Die File that he administered from the mid-1980s to 1992. The only Ecuador coin listed is an 1894/89 strong overdate 2 Décimos.

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  • Raymond, Wayte.The Silver Dollars of North and South America. Second Edition 1964. 125 pp. Contains three pages on Ecuador, containing obverse and reverse photos and description of the following four high-demomination coins: 8 Reales 1846; 5 Francs 1858; 1 Sucre 1884-1897, 5 Sucres 1943-1944 (for these last two, the only price information given is one general price for this type of coin, not specified for the year). This book does not seem to contain any information that is not found in more detail elsewhere.

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  • Sebring, Thomas H. "'Capitana' treasures lost and found three times" . World Coin News, Vol. 27, No. 3. March 2000. Krause Publications, pp. 12, 14, 18. Describes a Spanish treasure ship which sank off the coast of Ecuador in 1654 and the various attempts to salvage its cargo, most of which was illegially being smuggled (not registered with the crown).

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  • Sedwick, Daniel and Frank. The Practical Book of Cobs . Third Edition, January 1995. 130 pp. Published by the authors, Winter Park, Florida. ISBN 9991301011; Library of Congress Catalog Call Number 94-67562. A good overview of cobs with information on the monarchs, design elements, mintmarks, assayers, treasure fleets, counterfeits, value, recommended bibliography; pp. 102-122 are full of photos of Spanish Colonial cobs.

    Click here to order The Practical Book of Cobs Third Edition (ISBN 9991301011) from Amazon.com for 13.00, or here to check bn.com for availability. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]


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  • Seppa, Dale. The Coins of Ecuador 1833-1969. 1st ed. 1969. [Seppa later came out with a second edition of the book (see below). But there is some useful information that did not make it into the second edition, such as: table showing the grading terms used in the USA, Spanish America and Spain; brief history of Ecuador and Ecuadorian coinage including a discussion of various countermarks (the well-known AG countermark plus others that are not mentioned in any other reference); brief geographical description of Ecuador showing the changes in her area after various historical treaties; different photos from those presented in the later edition and mention of his references for some of the controversial coins; discussion of counterfeit 10 and 25 sucres gold coins; and brief biography of General Antonio José de Sucre.]

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    The coins of Ecuador
    = Las monedas de la patria
    The Coins of Ecuador (Second Edition) is available
    as an out-of-print book search through Amazon.com.
    Click on the link to the left to order!

     
  • Seppa, Dale, & Michael Anderson. The Coins of Ecuador, 2nd ed. 1973. [The prices are now out of date, but the book still has some useful information, such as photos of the three varieties of the 1919 5 centavos, information on coins with edge inscriptions going in both directions, enlargements of some lettering variations, and information on some coins that may be found in medal rotation.] 

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  • Smith & Daughter, Inc. Auction Catalog. Rare & Choice Coins of Ecuador. Sale No. 2, 7:00 PM Wednesday September 25, 1996. Miami, Florida. [Listings of 244 lots; many black & white and color photos. With value estimates for the coins; some unique tokens, patterns, and medals listed. ex. 1899 1/5 Libra gold coin not in Krause.]
Medals
Catálogo de Medallas Ecuatorianas, front coverCatálogo de Medallas Ecuatorianas, interior pageCatálogo de Medallas Ecuatorianas, plate from back of book

     
    The medals of Ecuador The Medals of Ecuador is available as an out-of-print book search through Amazon.com . Click on the link to the left to order!

     
  • Almanzar, Al & Dale Seppa. The Medals of Ecuador. 1972. 55 pp.

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  • Banco Central del Ecuador. Catálogo del Medallas Ecuatorianas. Tomo I. Hardcover, with dust jacket. 556 pages; each page has a description and illustration of a medal. Chronologically, geographically and alphabetically indexed. 17 pages of color photos of "Joyas" at the back. Supposedly a total of 1500 copies printed. 1988. The bank originally priced this in 1988 and kept the price fixed in sucres despite the high annual inflation; when I bought mine in 1998 it cost me around $5 for a book that would have cost $50-60 in the USA.

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  • Díaz Cueva, Miguel. Catálogo de las medallas conmemorativas ecuatorianas. Cuenca, Ecuador. 1961. 53 pp. Tan card cover. "Third exhibition of philately & numismatics, May 25-June 3, 1961". 109 listings of obverse/reverse, metal & módulo. [description from Remy Bourne Public Auction 9 catalog]

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  • Galvez Molestina, Rafael. Listado de Medallas Conmemorativas, Guayaquil, 1954. [I am not familiar with this work--it is in the bibliography from the Banco's "Catalogo de Medallas Ecuadorianas". If anyone has a copy of this work to provide a review and/or is interested in selling me their copy, let me know!]

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  • Gillingham, Harrold E. South American Decorations and War Medals. Originally published 1932, The American Numismatic Society, New York. Reprinted by Lenard L. Babin, 1970. Small paperback book with text descriptions and some black and white photos of decorations/war medals. 2 1/2-page bibliography at front of book. 178 pp.

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  • Illingworth Baquerizo, Gustavo. Medallas Conmemorativas Ecuatorianas, de Bautizo, de Matrimonio, de Bodas de Plata Matrimoniales, varios. Guayaquil, 1974. Segunda edición corregida y aumentada. 109 pp. Contents: 1) 358 Medallas Conmemorativas Ecuatorianas; 2) 565 Medallas de Bautizo; 3) 73 Medallas de Matrimonio; 4) 6 Medallas de Bodas de Plata Matrimoniales; 5) 28 Varios.[I am not familiar with this work--it is in the bibliography from the Banco's "Catalogo de Medallas Ecuadorianas" and in the Remy Bourne Auction 9 Catalog. If anyone has a copy of this work to provide a review and/or is interested in selling me their copy, let me know!]

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  • Medina, José Toribio. Medallas de Proclamaciones y Juras de los Reyes de España en América . Santiago de Chile, 1917. Reprinted 1973; Quarterman. 340 pages. [This book is listed in the bibliography of every major work on Ecuadorian medals. The two Ecuadorian medals it contains (a proclamation medal under Carlos III and a second one under Carlos IV) also appear on p. 53 of Seppa (EC 150 and EC 151), and the second one appears as well in Catálogo de las Medallas Ecuatorianas, page xiii. This reference is useful primarily because it is the only one to show a photograph of the first proclamation medal, and because of its discussion of the two medals.]

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    Search barnesandnoble.com for "Medallas de proclamaciones y juras de los reyes de España en América"
    (if it doesn't find anything, click "search our rare, secondhand, & out of print store")
Tokens
Latin American Tokens, 1st EditionLatin American Tokens, 2nd Edition

     
  • Frossard, Ed. Part I of the Christian G. Moritz Collection. Boston: T.R. Marvin & Son, Numismatic Printers. 1901. Includes a few relatively common silver and copper coins, as well as the following token lot which is of interest:

    589. (Ecuador) HACIENDA DEL DESENGANO; rev., MARIA | Y | AURELIA. Colon (Aspinwall). 2 1/2, 5 Ctvos. Brass and nickel. Fair to uncir. 6 pcs.

  • Rulau, Russell. Latin American Tokens: A Guide Book and Catalog 1700-1920. Softcover. The only book in the English language to catalog tokens of all Latin America, includes those bearing the English, French, Spanish and Portuguese languages; pricing in four condition grades.

    (The below description comes from the Amazon.com web page for the second edition of the book.)

    Thousands of tokens mostly workplace tallies were once issued throughout Latin America. Modern collectors treasure these items, but identification and valuation can be a challenge. Now, in one English-language volume, collectors and dealers will find all the information they need to assist them in their token collecting from the Mexican border to the southern tip of South America. Retail prices in up to four grades of condition, thousands of clear photographs, background notes and a comprehensive index make attributing these tokens a snap for those unfamiliar with the languages of Latin America.

    The catalog covers the period of haciendas, mines, mills and docks from 1700 to 1920 for most of Latin America, and up to 1960 for the West Indies. Expanded considerably from the first edition and featuring completely revised pricing, this volume is the essential guide to profitable token collecting.

    -Retail prices in up to four condition grades.
    -Thousands of photographs.

    Click here to order the first edition July 1992 with 410 pages, 200 b&w photos (ISBN 0873412001) from Amazon.com new for 29.95 (or less if used), or here to order from bn.com for 29.95. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]

    Click here to order the second edition June 2000 with 448 pages (ISBN 0873415663) from Amazon.com for 37.95, or here to order from bn.com for 37.95. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]

Banknotes
Pick Catalog, 7th Edition, Volume 1Pick Catalog, 8th Edition, Volume 1Pick Catalog, 8th Edition, Volume 2Pick Catalog, 9th Edition, Volume 2Pick Catalog, 7th Edition, Volume 3
  • Beresiner, Yasha. "A Banking History of Ecuador." The Numismatist: March 1982. pp. 606-619. [A condensed, easy to read summary in English of the banking history of the country, focusing on the various note-producing banks during the time before the creation of the Banco Central. However, probably does not include any information not available from other sources, such as Carbo's Historia Monetaria y Cambiaria del Ecuador. Also contains several typographical errors: supposedly Ecuador became independent in 1920, the designs for the notes of the Banco del Azuay were adapted from those of the Banco Central, and Carbo's book is Historia Monetaria y Cambiara del Ecuador.]

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  • Griffiths, William H. The Story of American Bank Note Company. American Bank Note Company: New York. 1959. Hardbound; 92 pp. with illustrations. [Although this book does not deal with Ecuador's banknotes directly, it does present a lot of information on one of the principal companies that printed banknotes for Ecuador as well as printing methods used, etc.]

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  • Hunter, Douglas. Exhibit of Notes of Ecuador Prior to 1926. Toronto: Interpam. 1981. [I am not familiar with this work--it is in the bibliography of Beresiner's article. If anyone would like to provide a review or copy of this work, please get in touch with me!] 

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  • Standard catalog of World Paper Money. Vol. 1: Specialized issues. Based on the work of Albert Pick. Iola, WI: Krause Publications. 1994-95 edition. [There is a new edition recently out, but I haven't been able to see it yet.]

    Click here to order Vol. 1, eighth edition (December 1998, 1184 pages, according to Amazon.com; February 1999, 1224 pages, according to bn.com)(ISBN 0873416481) from Amazon.com for 48.00, or here to order from bn.com for 48.00. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]


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  • Standard catalog of World Paper Money. Vol. 2: General issues to 1960. Based on the work of Albert Pick. Iola, WI: Krause Publications. Eighth edition. 1996. There are newer editions out (see links below) but I haven't reviewed them yet.

    Click here to order Vol. 2, ninth edition fall 2000 with 1144 pages (ISBN 0873419316) from Amazon.com for 52.00, or here to order from bn.com for 52.00. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]

    Click here to order Vol. 2, eighth edition 1996 with 1072 pages (ISBN 0873414691) from Amazon.com for 44.00, or here to order from bn.com for 55.00. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]


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  • Standard catalog of World Paper Money. Vol. 3: Modern Issues. 1961-1998. Based on the work of Albert Pick. Iola, WI: Krause Publications. Fourth edition. 1996. There are later editions out although I have not yet acquired them (see links below).

    Click here to order Vol. 3, seventh edition April 2001 with 904 pages (ISBN 0873492374) from Amazon.com for 31.96, or here to order from bn.com for 31.96. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]

    Click here to order Vol. 3, fifth edition April 1999 with 784 pages (ISBN 0873417461) from Amazon.com for 37.95, or here to order from bn.com for 37.95. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]


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  • Trujillo, Eduardo R. Historia del papel moneda del Ecuador: History of Ecuador's paper money. 1984, Guayaquil. 70 pp. Photo illustrated. Pictorial card cover. 1): Las primeras emisiones de Billetes del Gobierno; 2: Los Bancos Privados de emisión; 3: El Banco Central del Ecuador. Text in Spanish & English. [description from Remy Bourne Public Auction 9 catalog][provides some interesting pieces of information about some of the private banks that issued bills, but doesn't mention any types or varieties not in the standard catalogs]
General numismatic/economic histories of Ecuador
  • Acosta, Alberto. Breve Historia Económica del Ecuador. 1999. 262 pp. Quito: Corporación Editora Nacional. ISBN: 9978-84-210-1. Useful pocket-size manual about the Ecuadorian economy. The first part of the book describes the economic history (until p. 178); pp. 179-213: glossary of important financial terms; pp. 214-234: brief chronology of important events (economic and non-economic) in the country's history; p. 235-247: charts of imports/exports, nominal and real salary, GNP, population; pp. 248-258: bibliography.

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  • Banco Central del Ecuador. Banco Central del Ecuador: Cincuenta Años. No date. 269 pp. Color Plates, B/W Photos. Blue card cover. 8 pages of color currency photos & 3 pages in black & white. Well illustrated throughout in color. Sumario; I: Historia; II: Documentos; III: Bibliografias; IV: Presente; V: Discuros; VI: Museo. [description from Remy Bourne Public Auction 9 catalog]

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  • Banco Central del Ecuador. Revista Ecuatoriana de Historia Económica. 4 Volumes. 1987-1988. 225, 387, 293 & 292 pp. Pictoral card cover. No. 1: Coinage; 2: Paper Money; 3: Stamps; 4: Shares, documents. Ink stamp of bank on each title page. [description from Remy Bourne Public Auction 9 catalog][this work is primarily economic rather than numismatic]

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  • Carbo, Luis Alberto. Historia monetaria y cambiaria del Ecuador: Desde la epoca colonial. Originally published in 1953 as part of the Talleres Tipográficos del Banco Central. Reprinted unchanged in 1978 by the Banco Central. 675 pp.; pictorial dust jacket over white card cover.

    A great deal of numismatic history information. Table of contents follows:

    El sistema de Trueque de los Indios
    Las Monedas Metálicas de España
    Las Casas de Moneda de Lima y Potosí
    El Alza de los Precios en Europa
    Las Monedas de la Gran Colombia
    La Primera Emisión de Billetes
    Primera Ley de Monedas del Ecuador
    Las Nuevas Leyes Monetarias
    El Origen de la Deuda Externa
    Las Malas Monedas de Plata
    La Crisis Monetaria de 1847
    Nuevos Errores Monetarios
    La Nueva Ley de Monedas
    Situación Monetaria 1884-1892
    Crisis Internacional de la Plata
    Los Acontecimientos de 1895 y 1896
    El Primer Patrón de Oro
    El Período de 1900 a 1913
    La Guerra Europea 1914-1918
    Períodos de Inflación y Deflación
    El Difícil Período de 1923 a 1926
    La Creación del Banco Central del Ecuador
    Los 4 1/2 Años del 2do. Patrón de Oro
    La Gran Depresión Internacional
    Las Leyes de Emergencia de 1932-1933
    El Período de los Años de 1934 a 1940
    La Inflación de Oro de 1940-1944
    El Período Entre los Años 1945-1948
    La Ley de Régimen Monetario del Banco Central
    Los Dos Años de 1950 y de 1951
    Período de Enero 1952 a Abril 1953


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  • Estrada, Víctor Emilio. Moneda y Bancos en el Ecuador. 1982. 412 pp. Quito: Corporación Editora Nacional. Biblioteca Básica del Pensamiento Ecuatoriana #17.

    Review (by Dale Seppa):
    "Reissue of 1925 edition with Introductory Study by Rene Benzlcazar and preliminary notes and revision of the original by Julio Estrada Ycaza. Printed in Quito, Ecuador by Banco Central de Ecuador, 1982. 412 pp, bibliography, notes, soft covers.

    This book is primarily an economic work as opposed to a numismatic or notaphilic work, but will have much of interest to the serious numismatist or notaphile. Careful attention to detail in the body of the work make it an important research tool.

    This is a reissue of a work originally published in 1925. It is considered by many Ecuadorian authorities to be the classic explanation of the inflation and economic backwardness which severely affected the country from 1914 until the writing of the book in 1925.

    It was written at a time when the general public believed that the aforementioned poor economic times had been caused by the Moritorium of 1914 which had suspended free monetary convertibility and prohibited the exportation of gold. This general belief was of such power that it is generally credited with being one of the principal reasons for the successful revolution of 1925 and the installation of the new government. Estrada handily proves that the cause is more easily attributed to massive international commercial dislocations caused by World War I, and a serious attempt on the part of the United States to raise the price of gold.

    Numerous examples of actual exchange rates prevailing at that time, private bank closings and the change from silver to nickel coinage will make this book of use to the serious numismatist, notaphile, scholar, or historian as well as the economist."


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  • Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Los bancos del siglo XIX. 1976. 323 pp. Guayaquil: Publicaciones del Archivo Histórico del Guayas. A thorough description of the various Ecuadorian banks in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, before the creation of the Banco Central in 1929, along with major banking events (the first major banking crisis in 1872, the first bank robbery in 1877 by General Ignacio de Veintimilla, the crisis of 1901, etc.). Gives detailed information on each bank, including major events/dates, financial data, tables of balances, and photos of managers, buildings and sample banknotes issued. The table of contents is below:

    PROLOGO, DE LUIS NOBOA ICAZA vii
    INTRODUCCION xiii
    CAPITULO 1: EL PROCESO GEMINAL 1
    CAPITULO 2: LOS BANQUEROS PRIVADOS 19
    CAPITULO 3: EL BANCO LUZARRAGA 23
    CAPITULO 4: EL BANCO PARTICULAR 31
    CAPITULO 5: PRIMERA GUERRA BANCARIA 40
    CAPITULO 6: DOS BANCOS MUEREN 46
    CAPITULO 7: NACE EL BANCO DEL ECUADOR 53
    CAPITULO 8: LA PRIMERA CRISIS BANCARIA 68
    CAPITULO 9: EL BANCO DEL ECUADOR: 1875-1885 79
    CAPITULO 10: LOS PRIMEROS ASALTOS BANCARIOS 89
    CAPITULO 11: EL BANCO DE QUITO 101
    CAPITULO 12: EL BANCO DE LA UNION 113
    CAPITULO 13: EL BANCO DEL ECUADOR: 1886-1910 124
    CAPITULO 14: EL BANCO Y LAS GUERRAS 138
    CAPITULO 15: EL BANCO DE CREDITO HIPOTECARIO 152
    CAPITULO 16: LAS PRIMERAS FINANCIERAS 178
    CAPITULO 17: CAJAS DE AHORRO 185
    CAPITULO 18: EL BANCO INTERNACIONAL 195
    CAPITULO 19: EL BANCO ANGLO-ECUATORIANO 206
    CAPITULO 20: EL BANCO AGRICOLA-HIPOTECARIO 210
    CAPITULO 21: EL BANCO TERRITORIAL 212
    CAPITULO 22: EL BANCO COMERCIAL Y AGRÍCOLA 227
    CAPITULO 23: LA CRISIS DEL 901 237
    CAPITULO 24: EL COMIENZO DEL FIN 246
    CAPITULO 25: EL FINAL DEL AGRÍCOLA 261
    APENDICE A: Contrato para el Establecimiento del Banco Luzarraga 288
    APENDICE B: Contrato para Establecer el Banco de Quito 291
    APENDICE C: Contrato entre el Gobierno Nacional y el Banco Internacional 294
    Abreviaturas 294
    Bibliografía 296
    Notas 303
    Indice General Alfabético 317


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  • Hoyos, Melvin. La Moneda Ecuatoriana a través de los tiempos. 1998. 173 pp., including a 6-page bibliography and filled with glossy color photos of coins, banknotes, presidents, etc.. Quito: Editorial El Conejo (econejo@ibm.net). ISBN: 9978-87-181-0. This book is the most important Spanish-language numismatic history of Ecuador to come out since Ortuño's out-of-print 1977 classic reference work. According to officials at the branch of the Banco Central in Cuenca, Hoyos' research was funded by the Ecuadorian Central Bank, which had the intention of publishing it. The book was distributed internally to central bank officials under the name La Moneda Ecuatoriana a través de la historia but was not published by them for the general public because Hoyos had already, without authorization, published it through El Conejo.

    Very complete, dealing with all periods, from Precolombian times through the Colonial period and the Republic. Highlights of the Precolombian treatment include photos of types of seashells used as money. The colonial period includes a number of useful maps and tables such as a map showing European colonies in the new world, glossary of terms such as "dobloon" and "maravedi", chart of Spanish kings with important events during their rule, chart showing the dates of founding of Spanish mints in the new world, and discussion and color photos of the main types of colonial coins. The section on Gran Colombia is short but covers the main points.

    The section of the book on predecimal Republican coinage stands out for the following: p. 67 timeline of the events of 1833 when the Quito mint started up; p. 68 discussion of errrors in the 1/2 real coins (1/2 instead of M); p. 69 photo of a 1 real coin of the rare variety "pichón cóndor", although the author does not mention this fact; p. 76 photos/discussion of officially sanctioned falsifications; p. 85 mention of the medal rotation coins of 1850; p. 89 mention of a new law prohibiting the circulation of heavily worn coins; p. 91 photos of the characteristics of the two distinct mintings of 4 reales coins from 1857; p. 97 impressive color photo of the 50 francos coin, with discussion on the following page arguing against those who would call this coin a falsification; and pp. 100-101 photos of and discussion abouta variety of the 4 reales 1862 that has an "A" before the date.

    The section of the book on decimal coinage makes the following important contributions: p. 118 photos of 5 and 10 centavos 1919 coins with the comment that there are many varieties of both; pp. 144-145 discussion presenting the main theories about the "edición prohibida" of 1973 (2 and 5 sucre coins almost all of which were melted by the government without entering circulation), pp. 156-159 with a list of the haciendas known to have issued tokens; pp. 160-167 discussion of the Galapagos countermarked coins with an interview with the son of Rogerio Alvarado; and pp. 168-173, extensive bibliography including both books and an extensive list of other documents and newspaper articles.

    This book is a necessary and worthwhile addition to any collection of numismatic information on Ecuador. However, it it still leaves some questions unanswered. My requests for information to be added in the next edition, or in the next Ecuadorian numismatic history that comes out, would include the following: PREDECIMAL 1) discussion of the 1833 pichón cóndor variety of the 1 real, and of additional varieties of the predecimal coins in general; DECIMAL 1) discussion of the two varieties of the 1893 1/2 décomo that have been reported; 2) information on countermarks found on decimal coinage other than the galapagos countermarks, such as the star countermark; 3) information on the place of coinage of the coins that do not bear a mint mark; 4) information on the last 1-sucre issue, which occurred in 1988 and 1990 and possibly also 1992; TOKENS expanded section with more photos/information on old tokens, and including some modern tokens.


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  • Ortiz, Gonzalo. Resumen de la História Económica del Ecuador en el Siglo XX. 2000. Quito: Editorial Abya Yala. 89 pp. Based on articles published by Mr. Ortiz in the magazine Gestión that have been revised and expanded. A nontechnical description of the state of the country at the beginning and closing of the century and in between, which covers the following areas: population, exports, infrastructure, economic policy and financing, and social changes. The following review in Spanish is from El Tiempo, Cuenca daily newspaper, 1/21/2001:

    La obra se basa en artículos publicados por Gonzalo Ortiz en la revista Gestión que han sido actualizados y completados.

    El conocido sociólogo y comunicador social ecuatoriano, Gonzalo Ortiz Crespo, ha puesto en circulación su nuevo libro titulado "Resumen de la Historia Económica del Ecuador en el Siglo XX", un ensayo ágil y fácil de leer, sobre lo acontecido con la población, producción, banca, sistema fiscal, moneda y la infraestructura del país a lo largo de los cien años que acaban de concluir.

    Se trata de un buen material de lectura para estudiantes y público en general en pocas páginas y sin caer en tecnicismos, permite tener una visión panorámica de los cambios ocurridos en el país y de las principales líneas de fuerza que han producido el Ecuador de nuestros días.

    La visión no es necesariamente pesimista, al contrario Ortiz descubre muchos aspectos positivos en estas transformaciones económicas, aunque también señala sus principales defectos, que han dado como resultado las sucesivas crisis que ha afrontado la población.

    Editado en conjunto por Multiplica, consultora de Economía y Finanzas y la Editorial Abya yala, el breve libro constituye un referente para entender mejor la peripecia del Ecuador, esta vez desde el ángulo de la economía. 'La encrucijada que vive el Ecuador al iniciar el siglo XXI debería servirnos a todos para corregir rumbos y emprender un camino sostenido de desarrollo y de progoreso' dice Juana Ordóñez en la presentación del libro. (M.T.P.)"


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  • Ortuño, Carlos. Historia Numismática del Ecuador. 1977. Ediciones del Banco Central del Ecuador, Quito. 234 pp. Color photos. Blue card cover. Indice: Epoca Precolonial; La Colonia; La Independencia y la Gran Colombia; La República. [description from Remy Bourne Public Auction 9 catalog]
Ecuadorian economy until 1927 (pre-Banco Central)
Drake, 'The Money Doctor in the Andes: The Kemmerer Missions, 1923-1933'
  • Banco Central del Ecuador. Pensamiento Fiscal Ecuatoriano 1830-1930. 1996. 659 pp. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador/Corporación Editora Nacional. ISBN: 9978-72-013-8. Biblioteca Básica del Pensamiento Ecuatoriana #41. Collection of essays/texts. With an introductory study by Linda Alexander Rodríguez, professor of the University of California at Los Angeles.

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  • Brines Tyrer, Robson. Historia Demográfica y Económica de la Audiencia de Quito: Población Indígena e Industria Textil 1600-1800. 1988. 325 pp. Quito: Ediciones del Banco Central del Ecuador. ISBN: 9978-72-007-3. Biblioteca de História Económica #1. Studies the textile industry and population trends during the colonial period.

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  • Drake, Paul W. Kemmerer en los Andes: La Misión Kemmerer 1923-1933. 1995. 423 pp. Quito: Ediciones del Banco Central del Ecuador. ISBN: 9978-72-263-3. Biblioteca de História Económica #5. Spanish translation by Heraclio Bonilla of The Money Doctor in the Andes, published by Duke University Press. Describes Kemmerer's activities in Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru. In Ecuador, Kemmerer was responsible for the creation of the Central Bank.

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  • Drake, Paul W. The Money Doctor in the Andes: The Kemmerer Missions, 1923-1933. Hardcover, 335 pp. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN: 0822308800. The below reviews are from the BarnesAndNoble.com web site:

    "Edwin W. Kemmerer was one of the first US economic advisors to Latin America (and to China and Poland). . . . His team missions to Colombia, Chile,Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador were instrumental in the creation of central banksin the region and for the modernization of their fiscal systems. Drake . . .{examines} the sociohistorical circumstances creating the need for outside advisors with the socioeconomic consequences of the reforms the Kemmerer missions introduced." (Choice) Index.

    From J.L. Dietz - Choice The historical research is impeccable, though economists may find themselves wishing for more specific details concerning the reforms themselves. Drake's most compelling point about the missions is their 'export' content. Domestic elites wanted and implemented the proposals of the Kemmerer missions because doing so lent their governments greater credibility on international financial markets. . . . Drake provides convincing evidence that rather than being agents of external intervention, the Kemmerer missions and the reforms they fostered are better understood as part of the internal struggle among elites in Latin America for control and power.

    From Robert N. Seidel - The American Historical Review An effective monograph, Paul W. Drake's account examines the impact of one of the most successful American foreign advisers of all time. . . . Drake advances dependency thinking about international economic relations. He demonstrates that 'structural change occurred (in the Andean states) within a dependent context' of U.S. hegemony. Although the book does not provide an edge likely to advance research in economic theory, it illuminates, in chapters on eachof the Andean countries, the complexity of the powers involved.

    From Elizabeth A. Cobbs - Business History Review Drake's work is remarkably comprehensive in its coverage of five nations and their complex responses to Kemmerer, the United States, and the challengesof survival and development. A curious weakness of the book is its lack of attention to Kemmerer himself (barely two pages). Who was that masked man, the'money doctor in the Andes'? What were his motives, ulterior or otherwise? Yet this book offers so much that one hesitates to complain. {It} will be required reading for business historians and others concerned with the origins ofdebt-led development, United States-Latin American relations in the 1920s, banking in the Americas, dependency theory, and the modern history of the Andeanrepublics.

    Click here to order The Money Doctor in the Andes: The Kemmerer Missions, 1923-1933 (January 1989, 335 pages)(ISBN 0822308800) from Amazon.com for 64.95, or here to order from bn.com for 59.95. [Prices last checked 26/may/2001.]


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  • María Vargas, José. Historia del Ecuador--Siglo XVI. 1977. Quito: Centro de Publicaciones Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. pp. 227-231 include a section "Monedas y Comercio" which discuss colonial coins and economy in the 1500s. Focus on the establishment of the mint at Potosí in 1575 and new laws regarding minting established at the same time, and information on trade within Ecuador and with Spain.

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  • Rodríguez, Linda Alexander. Las Finanzas Públicas en el Ecuador (1830-1940). 1992. 273 pp. Quito: Ediciones del Banco Central del Ecuador. ISBN: 9978-72-009-X. Biblioteca de História Económica #4. Spanish translation of The Search for Public Policy, published by the University of California Press, California, 1985. Translated by Sthela Mastrangello.

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  • Rodríguez, Linda Alexander. The Search for Public Policy: Regional Politics and Government Finances in Ecuador, 1830-1940). 1985. 281 pp., b/w photos, 42 tables. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN: 0520051505.
     
    Search barnesandnoble.com for "The Search for Public Policy: Regional Politics and Government Finances in Ecuador, 1830-1940"
    (if it doesn't find anything, click "search our rare, secondhand, & out of print store")

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  • Historia del Ecuador. Volumen 4. Quito: Salvat Editores Ecuatoriana, S.A. 1980. ISBN: 84-345-4064-9. p. 108 discusses certain colonial economic aspects, including improvements in the quality of the coinage produced and the devaluation/demonetization of the old coins in the 1600s, the introduction of new coins with columns, and economic results of the crops and earthquakes of the 1700s.

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  • Historia del Ecuador. Volumen 6. Quito: Salvat Editores Ecuatoriana, S.A. 1980. ISBN: 84-345-4066-5. pp. 35-39 discuss economic aspects of the Rocafuerte administration (1834-1838) with some information on Flores as well: pp. 35-36 list the principal economic accomplishments of the Rocafuerte administration. p. 38 describes Flores' efforts to elminate falsified coins, and to introduce paper money. Coins pictured include (p. 36) 4 Escudos 1836 and 1837 and (p. 38) 2 Reales 1840.

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  • Historia del Ecuador. Volumen 7. Quito: Salvat Editores Ecuatoriana, S.A. 1980. ISBN: 84-345-4067-3. pp. 239-271 contain an article "La economía del siglo XX" by Patricio Quevedo Terán. Compact discussion of the 20th century Ecuadorian economy up until 1972 or so.

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  • Pensamiento Monetario y Financiero. Primera Parte. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador. 1986. Biblioteca Básica del Pensamiento Ecuatoriano XX. A collection of essays dealing with monetary policy and government finances, from the colonial era to the modern period, with the bulk of essays dealing with the time period prior to the formation of the Central Bank. Contents of part 1:

    Eduardo Larrea Stacey: ESTUDIO INTRODUCTORIO 11
    Prehistoria, Conquista y Colonia 12
    La Independencia, Gran Colombia y 40 primeros años de la República 21
    De 1870 a 1914 27
    Período 1914-1925 34
    El proceso histórico a partir de 1925 hasta nuestros días 38
     
    PENSAMIENTO MONETARIO
    Anónimo: Circulación monetaria en el Ecuador 77
    Mensajes Presidenciales: Mensajes de los Presidentes de la República General Juan José Flores y Sr. Dr. Gabriel García Moreno a la Convención de 1843 y al Congreso de 1873, respectivamente 169
    Anónimo: Varios proyectos sobre la reforma del Sistema Monetario de la República mediante la adopción del tipo de oro 177
    J. Eduardo Molestina: El medio circulante en el Ecuador 1896-1900 261
    N. Clemente Ponce: El Decreto Legislativo de 30 de agosto de 1914 283
    E. Iturralde y otros: El Proyecto de Reforma a la Ley Moratoria 299
    Alberto Larrea Chiriboga y otros: Informe y Proyectos Relativos a la Ley Moratoria y a las Subsistencias 319
    Víctor Emilio Estrada: ¿Moratoria o Conversión?: Estudio económico sobre la conveniencia de mantener el Decreto Legislativo de agosto 30 de 1914 333
    J.M. Sucre: La Ley Moratoria o la Encuesta de la Sociedad Artística e Industrial del Pichincha 385
    Eduardo Larrea Stacey: Moneda en el Ecuador 401
    Luis Eduardo Laso: Apreciaciones sobre la situación económica del Ecuador al terminarse el año de 1930 403


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  • Pensamiento Monetario y Financiero. Segunda Parte. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador. 1986. Biblioteca Básica del Pensamiento Ecuatoriano XXI. A collection of essays dealing with monetary policy and government finances, from the colonial era to the modern period, with the bulk of essays dealing with the time period prior to the formation of the Central Bank. Contents of part 2:

    PENSAMIENTO MONETARIO (continuación)
    Eduardo Larrea Stacey: Breve estudio sobre el último ciclo en el Ecuador 9
    Víctor Emilio Estrada: La lucha en defensa de la moneda nacional 1922-1934 49
    Luis Eduardo Laso: La Nueva Ley Orgánica del Banco Central del Ecaudor 147
    Luis Eduardo Laso: Causas que han influico o influyen en la depreciación del Sucre 183
    César D. Andrade: Aspectos de la economía ecuatoriana 231
    Carlos Proccacia: Lineamientos principales de la Ley de Régimen Monetario 245
    Carlos Ponce Martínez:: Aspectos monetarios del nuevo desarrollo 267
     
    PENSAMIENTO FINANCIERO
    Eduardo Riofrrío V.: La política financiera del Estado según la moderna concepción de la Hacienda Funcional y su aplicación en el Ecuador 281
    José C. Cárdenas: La experiencia de América Latina en materia de inversiones multinacionales 341
    César Duran Ballén: Ecuador centro financiero y su futuro como mercado de capitales extranjeros 407
    Francisco Rosales Ramos: Los capitales extranjeros en el Ecuador 419
    José M. Avilés Mosquera: La Bolsa de Valores y el mercado de capitales 431
    José Antonio Correa: Ahorro e inversión 453

Books discussing Ecuador's economic situation during the time of the Banco Central, 1927-1999
Hey, 'Theories of Dependent Foreign Policy and the Case of Ecuador in the 1980s'
  • Banco Central del Ecuador. El Ecuador de la Postguerra: Estudios en Homenaje a Guillermo Pérez Chiriboga. 1992. Primera edición. 2000 ejemplares. Quito: Ediciones del Banco Central del Ecuador. Tomo 1: pp. 1-408, ISBN: 9978-72-222-X. Tomo 2: pp. 409-842, ISBN: 9978-72-223-8.

    Review on Back Cover:

    "El Ecuador de la Postguerra es un libro que se encuadra en la filosofía editorial del Centro de Investigación y Cultura, cuya finalidad básica es la de difundir investigaciones de economía e historia económica que fundamenten la política del Banco Central del Ecuador.

    Esta obra, escrita en homenaje a don Guillermo Pérez Chiriboga, ex-Gerente General del instituto emisor, se la ha pensado dentro de la concepción de que la realidad es total y de que ningún elemento de ella opera independientemente de ella. Es un conjunto de estudios que dan cuenta de la economía, de la política, de la sociedad y de la cultura ecuatoriana de los años 50 y 60 de este siglo.

    Un afán pluralista animó la recopilación de las monografías y de los testimonios, cuyos autores, expertos en la materia que les tocó escribir, pertenecen a diversas corrientes de opinión. El contenido de estos volúmenes se halla integrado por trabajos de: René Báez, Juan Falconí Morales, Patricio León Camacho, Galo Salvador Gordillo, Carlos Larrea Maldonado, Jorge Trujillo, Luis Tobar Ribadeneira, Lucy Ruiz, Simón Pachano, Fernando Carrión, Ramón Burneo, Manuel de Guzmán Polanco, Milton Benítez, José María Egas, Jorge Dousdebés, Patricio Icaza, Fernando Tinajero, Carlos Veloz Von Reckow, Milton Luna, Clemente Vallejo Larrea, Eduardo Larrea Stacey, Rodrigo Pérez Serrano, José Corsino Cárdenas, Hernán Crespo Toral e Irving Iván Zapater."

    Table of contents:

    Presentación 13
    Introducción. (Milton Luna Tamayo) 15
    ASPECTOS ECONÓMICOS:
    Visión de la economía ecuatoriana. 1948-1970. (René Báez Tobar) 43
    Teoría y práctica del desarrollo. 1948-1970. (Juan Falconí Morales) 57
    Dos décadas de producción, comercio exterior y reordenamiento del espacio. (Patricio León Camacho) 93
    Estrategia y política de desarrollo industrial en el Ecuador. (1950-1972). (Galo H. Salvador Gordillo) 117
    Empresas transnacionales y cambios en la exportación bananera ecuatoriana. Una reinterpretación. (Carlos Larrea Maldonado) 151
    Expansión de la frontera agrícola. 1950-1970. (Jorge Trujillo) 201
    Panorama agrario desde 1948. (Luis Tobar Ribadeneira) 227
    Indígenas y colonos: la increíble y triste historia de la colonización amazónica. (Lucy Ruiz Mantilla) 263
    Lo rural, lo urbano y lo aldeano en la Sierra. (Simón Pachano Holguín) 285
    El desarrollo urbano de Quito entre sus crisis urbanas más recientes. (Fernando Carrión Mena) 315
    Desarrollo y solidificación del sistema financiero ecuatoriano. (1925-1970). (Ramón Eduardo Burneo Burneo [sic]) 343
    ASPECTOS SOCIALES Y POLÍTICOS:
    Ecuador en lo internacional. Un cuarto de siglo: 1945-1970. (Manuel de Guzmán Polanco) 411
    Perfiles de la democracia ecuatoriana. (Milton Benítez Torres) 459
    Génesis y crisis del populismo clásico (José María Egas R.) 483
    La Seguridad Social en el Ecuador. (Jorge Dousdebés Carvajal) 515
    Lucha sindical y popular en un período de transición. (1948-1970). (Patricio Ycaza Cortez) 543
    ASPECTOS CULTURALES:
    Literatura y pensamiento en el Ecuador entre 1948 y 1970. (Fernando Tinajero Villamar) 573
    El arte ecuatoriano en las décadas de los cincuenta y sesenta. (Carlos Veloz Von Reckow) 601
    Los diarios quiteños en el período de la postguerra. (1944-1960). (Irving Iván Zapater) 635
    TESTIMONIOS:
    Cuestionario 689
    Respuesta de Clemente Vallejo Larrea 693
    Respuesta de Eduardo Larrea Stacey 699
    Respuesta de Rodrigo Pérez Serrano 711
    Respuesta de José Corsino Cárdenas 719
    Respuesta de Hernán Crespo Toral 819


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  • Benalcázar R., René. Análisis del Desarrollo Económico del Ecuador.. 1989. Primera Edición. 533 pp. Quito: Ediciones Banco Central del Ecuador.

    Review from the inside front and back covers:

    "'Este libro por su estructura, su claridad y su sabor didáctico, será por muchos años el texto básico, el Manual de la economía ecuatoriana y de su evolución en los últimos cuarenta años', según criterio del Doctor Germánico Salgado.

    La obra presenta una imagen dinámica del desarrollo económico del Ecuador, explicando su funcionamiento, las causas y obstáculos para el crecimiento, los objetivos que persigue, procurando revaluarlos a la luz de las necesidades físicas y psicológicas del hombre, en la búsqueda del verdadero objeto del individuo y la sociedad. El análisis se mantiene en el ámbito científico, respaldando el razonamiento en la realidad del acontecer económico registrado en la estadística.

    Analiza los recursos naturales, de población, el marco institucional y jurídico y la estructura del poder en el que se desenvuelve la economía ecuatoriana. Estudia la tendencia general del desarrollo a través de cuentas nacionales, para luego analizar el desenvolvimiento agrícola, industrial, de servicios, el rol desempeñado por el comercio exterior y evaluar los efectos de la política monetaria y fiscal en el desarrollo económico. Proyecta el crecimiento hasta la próxima década para establecer los lineamientos de política económica.

    Las sugerencias que ofrece son aproximaciones que surgen de la realidad del desarrollo de cuatro décadas y pueden considerarse como guías que facilitan la compresión de los problemas vigentes y el enfoque de sus posibles soluciones.

    La obra es el resultado de la experiencia profesional del autor dedicado a la ciencia, a la investigación, a la ejecución de política agrícola y a la enseñanza. Su autor, un economista ecuatoriano, graduado de Master y Ph.D. en Estados Unidos, es funcionario del Banco Central del Ecuador y lo fue del Banco Nacional de Fomento, del Ministerio de Agricultura, del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo y del Banco Mundial; fue Decano por tres períodos, y ha ejercido la cátedra en la Facultad de Economía de la Universidad Central del Ecuador durante tres décadas."

    Abbreviated table of contents:

    Capítulo I: Análisis del Desarrollo Económico del Ecuador. Introducción 31
    Capítulo II: Dotación de Recursos Naturales en el Ecuador 41
    Capítulo III: La población, Factor de Producción y Beneficiaria del Desarrollo 83
    Capítulo IV: El Marco Institucional y Legal y la Estructura del Poder en la que Se Desarrolla la Economía Ecuatoriana 115
    Capítulo V: Tendencia del Desarrollo Económico del Ecuador 1950-85 181
    Capítulo VI: El Desarrollo del Sector Agropecuario 227
    Capítulo VII: Desarrollo Industrial del Ecuador 1950/85 275
    Capítulo VIII: Desarrollo del Sector Terciario de la Economía 315
    Capítulo IX: La Función Desempeñada por el Comercio Exterior en el Desarrollo de la Economía Durante 1950-1985 345
    Capítulo X: Evaluación del Efecto de la Política Monetaria sobre el Desarrollo de la Economía Ecuatoriana de 1950-85 407
    Capítulo XI: Evaluación del Efecto de la Política Fiscal sobre el Desarrollo de la Economía Ecuatoriana 449
    Capítulo XII: Una Visión del Desarrollo hasta 1987. Las Perspectivas hacia el Año 2000 y Sus Principales Problemas. Conclusiones Generales sobre el Desarrollo Económico y Lineamientos Generales de Política Económica. 481


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  • Corporación Editora Nacional. La Crisis de la Economía Ecuatoriana: Elementos para Su Interpretación. 1986. 232 pp. Various authors. Biblioteca de Ciencias Sociales Volumen 12. Quito. Review from back cover:

    "Este volumen recoge algunas ponencias presentadas al interior del "V Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Económica y Social del Ecuador" (Cuenca, 17-21 de noviembre de 1986), organizado por el Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, IDIS, de la Universidad de Cuenca.

    El tema central en torno al cual giran las exposiciones es la crisis económica que afronta nuestro país. Los trabajos han sido elaborados por varios analistas de reconocida solvencia: José Moncada S., Carlos León Gonzales, Leonardo Vicuña Izquierdo, León Roldós A., Gonzalo Ortiz C., René Báez, Fidel Jaramillo y un núcleo de investigadores del IDIS.

    La Corporación Editora Nacional y el IDIS, han considerado importante divulgar estos materiales, en un esfuerzo editorial conjunto que ha contado con la contribución económica del Instituto Latinamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, ILDIS, en la seguridad de que este volumen constituye un importante aporte académico para el análisis de estos años de crisis."

    Table of contents:

    Pablo Estrella: Presentación 9
    Lucas Pacheco: Introducción 11
    José Moncada Sánchez: La crisis económica y sus perspectivas 15
    Carlos León Gonzales: Capital financiero vs. Capital productivo: sobre la naturaleza de la crisis actual 27
    IDIS: Crisis económica y distribución del ingreso 45
    Leonardo Vicuña Izquierdo: La política económica de la crisis y clase trabajadora 65
    León Roldós Aguilera: La profundización de la economía de mercado (las regulaciones de la Junta Monetaria del 11 de agosto de 1986) 89
    Gonzalo Ortiz C., Fidel Jaramillo B., Luis Fierro C.: Vigencia y miseria del experimento neoliberal de la oligarquía (Crítica del paquete económico del 11 de agosto de 1986) 117
    René Báez: Análisis y crítica de la integración convencional de América Latina: evaluación de la participación ecuatoriana 165
    Fidel Jaramillo: Intercambio desigual y crisis 179
    Los autores 223
    IDIS 225
    ILDIS 226
    Publicaciones de la Corporación Editora Nacional 229


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  • Hey, Jeanne A.K. Theories of Dependent Foreign Policy and the Case of Ecuador in the 1980s. 1995. 308 pp. ISBN 0-89680-184-5. Latin American Series Number 23. Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies. Review from the back cover:

    "How do economic weakness and dependence influence foreign policy decisions and behavior in third world countries? Theories in Dependent Foreign Policy examines six foreign policy theories: compliance, consensus, counterdependence, realism, leader preferences, and domesstic politics, and each is applied to a series of case studies of Ecuador's foreign policy during the 1980s under two regimes: Osvaldo Hurtado (1981-1984) and his successor León Febres Cordero (1984-1988).

    Hey shows that Ecuador during this period represented the third world in many ways. It was a new democracy, having just emerged from years of military rule, extremely indebted to the West, and dependent upon a primary product export economy that relied heavily on importers, especially the United States.

    Jeanne Hey finds that some of the most popular and enduring theories in western research, such as realism and compliance, poorly account for Ecuadorian foreign policy. She explains that poor countries like Eucador have substantial foreign policy latitude in the diplomatic arena, while they are more constrained in the economic area. Drawing on archival research and interviews with policy makers including Presidents Hurtado and Febres Cordero, Dr. Hey convincingly argues that many of the traditional foreign policy theories do not 'fit' dependent states, and inadequately account for the complexity of foreign policy in the third world."

    Table of contents:

    List of Tables
    Acknowledgements
    Ch. 1 Introduction: Dependent Foreign Policy Theory 1
    Ch. 2 Ecuador in the 1980s: Cases for Dependent Foreign Policy Theory 27
    Ch. 3 Hurtado's Policy Towards Revolutionary Nicaragua 60
    Ch. 4 Foreign Investment Reform in Petroleum Policy 86
    Ch. 5 La Conferencia Economica Latinoamericana 116
    Ch. 6 The Contadora Support Group and Febres Cordero's Relations with Nicaragua 153
    Ch. 7 Blazing Trails 177
    Ch. 8 Febres Cordero Signs the OPIC Agreement with the United States 203
    Ch. 9 Conclusions 222
    Bibliography 271
    Index 289

    Click here to order Theories of Dependent Foreign Policy and the Case of Ecuador in the 1980s with 308 pages (ISBN 0896801845) from Amazon.com for 22.00, or here to order from bn.com for 22.00. [Prices last checked 2/jun/2001.]


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  • Larrea Stacey, Eduardo. Evolución de la Política del Banco Central del Ecuador 1927-1987. 1990. 157 pp. Biblioteca de la Historia Económica 3. ISBN: 9978-72-184-3. Quito: Ediciones del Banco Central del Ecuador.

    Review from the back cover:

    He aquí un apasionante y bien documentado libro sobre los aspectos más importantes de los sesenta años del Banco Central del Ecuador transcurridos entre 1927 y 1987. Protagonista de primera línea del acontecer económico del país y funcionario del Banco durante muchísimos años, el doctor Eduardo Larrea Stacey vierte en este libro no solo [sic] un análisis histórico de los sucesos de interés para la economía del país y, en especial, para la economía monetaria y crediticia, sino que, a modo de memorias, evoca sucesos que solo [sic] a personas, como al autor de esta obra, les correspondió vivir directamente.

    Es un libro único para todos quienes están interesados en la historia monetaria del Ecuador. A un estilo llano y comprensible, el doctor Larrea une su vastísima experiencia como autor de numerosos libros, como profesor universitario y como articulista en uno de los más importantes diarios nacionales.

    Abbreviated table of contents:

    Prólogo 13
    Introducción 17
    Capítulo 1: Antecedentes Históricos y Condiciones Esenciales 21
    Capítulo 2: La Primera Etapa, La Convertibilidad del Patrón de Oro 33
    Capítulo 3: La Política del Banco Central Frente a la Crisis y la Inconvertibilidad 55
    Capítulo 4: La Política del Banco dentro de la Ley de Gómez Morín 67
    Capítulo 5: La Política durante la Ley de Régimen Monetario: 1947-1970 89
    Capítulo 6: De la Era Petrolera hasta Nuestros Días 123


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  • Muñoz C., Mónica. El Banco Central del Ecuador en Cuenca: Edición Conmemorativa del Sexagésimo Aniversario de su Establecimiento en Cuenca. 1988. 227 pp. Cuenca: El Banco Central del Ecuador en Cuenca. Impreso: Monsalve Moreno Cía. Ltda.

    "Presentación" Section:

    "Es muy grato para la Generncia de la Sucursal del Banco Central del Ecuador en Cuenca, ofrecer la presente publicación "El Banco Central del Ecuador en Cuenca", estudio de la señora Mónica Muñoz Carrasco, investigadora del Centro de Investigación y Cultura, realizado y editado con motivo del Sexagésimo Aniversario de la fundación de la Sucursal.

    Con esta estrega la Institución desea poner de relieve la historia y la obra cumplida por esta Oficina bancaria. Este análisis retrospectivo destaca la importancia que, para el desarrollo de Cuenca y su región, tuvo esta fundación que empezó a laborar en un crucial momento de la vida económica y financiera de esta ciudad. Son seis décadas de tesonero trabajo dirigido a la promoción de las actividades básicas que han sustentado, no solamente la existencia sino el crecimiento de nuestra agricultura, artesanía, industria, comercio y un sin fin de nuevas empresas que se constituyeron en la clave, hoy visible y auténtica, del progreso de las provincias azuayas.

    La obra ha sido capitulada de manera que comprenda la reseña histórica, la administrativa, la evolución del marco legal y financiero en el cual se ha desenvuelto la gestión del Instituto Emisor en nuestro medio. Consta también de acápites que se refieren a las nuevas direcciones de trabajo emprendidas dentro de los respectivos programas nacionales, como son FODERUMA y las actividades culturales de amplios propósitos. En suma, ha sido ejecutada con el objeto de proporcionar un cuadro de conjunto que permite una certera evaluación del papel fundamental que ha desempeñado la Sucursal en la vida económica de la urbe cuencana y en sus altas manifestaciones culturales. Se adiciona un complemento fotogr´fico que ilustra el libro y que es de utilidad para la recordación histórica.

    Creemos que esta publicación llegará a sus lectores como una contribución para la justa apreciación del gran mérito de las instituciones cuencanas que siempre han sabido laborar y empeñarse con toda la inteligencia y el corazón de sus personeros en pro del nombre ilustre de la ciudad grande por mil títulos."

    Table of contents:

    Presentación 7
    Prólogo 9
    Introducción 15
    Antecedentes 19
    Primeros Proyectos de un Banco Central en el Ecuador 27
    Razones y Objetivos del establecimiento de la Sucursal del Banco Central en Cuenca 37
    Administración del Banco Central en Cuenca 49
    El Banco Central del Ecuador y el Desarrollo Regional 73
    El Sistema Financiero y el Crédito 133
    El Fondo de Desarrollo Rural Marginal 161
    El Banco Central y la Cultura 181
    Anexo Fotográfico 205
    Bibliografía 221


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  • Pérez Chiriboga, Guillermo. Pensamiento Económico. 1996. Estudio introductorio y selección de textos: Wilson Miño Grijalva. 678 pp. Biblioteca Básica del Pensamiento Ecuatoriano XL. ISBN 9978-72-013-8 (Banco Central), or 9978-84-023-0 (Corporación Editora Nacional). Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador & Corporación Editora Nacional.

    Review from the back cover:

    "Este volumen busca cumplir varos objetivos importantes. El primero de ellos, relievar la coherencia y solidez del pensamiento de don Guillermo Pérez Chiriboga alrededor de asuntos económicos y problemas de nuestra patria. Luego, mostrar en forma ordenada las líneas más destacadas de dicho pensamiento que pueden reducirse básicamente en: búsqueda y afirmación de la estabilidad monetaria, ejecución de controles cambiarios armónicos, limitación del gasto público, solidez y autonomía institucional del Banco Central.

    Pérez Chiriboga, en el largo tiempo que desempeñó la gerencia general del instituto emisor, instauró una época de predominio del Banco Central en la conducción de la economía ecuatoriana. Tal era su prestigio, que nuevas ideas y nuevas instituciones fueron desarrollándose y fueron consolidándose alrededor de Pérez Chiriboga; un grupo de brillantes funcionarios y competentes profesionales fueron creando una escuela irrepetible. Clemente Vallejo Larrea, Eduardo Larrea Stacey, José Corsino Cárdenas, José María Avilés Mosquera y Rodrigo Pérez Serrano, por citar solo [sic] a los más próximos a él, hicieron del Banco Central una entidad de primera línea y a las ideas que sustentaban, claves para la consolidación económica del país.

    Este libro, a més de una ilustrativa y evocadora introducción, divide las obras de Pérez Chiriboga en seis acápites: ensayos, cartas, informes, proyectos, declaraciones de prensa y discursos. En esta obra, acaso, en realidad se cumple aquella norma de conducta que le fue siempre característica a Pérez Chiriboga: desoir el ataque de sus adversarios, sobre todo de aquellos a los que preocupaba el interés coyuntural, muchas veces ligado fuertemente al lucro personal o familiar, y, en cambio, dejar al juicio de la historia la honradez de sus actos y la pureza de sus convicciones."


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  • Samaniego Ponce, José. Crisis Económica del Ecuador. Análisis Comparativo de dos Períodos Históricos: (1929-1933)-(1980-1984). 1988. 243 pp. Biblioteca de la Historia Económica 2. ISBN: 9978-72-008-1. Quito: Ediciones del Banco Central del Ecuador.

    Review from the back cover:

    "Esta obra, de un joven y destacado investigador ecuatoriano, ofrece una reflexión, meditada y didáctica, de las crisis económicas de los años treinta y ochenta. El lector encontrará una exposición sistemática y crítica de la visión marxista, keynesiana y monetarista de la depresión económica. Estos distintos enfoques dan cuenta de las perspectivas múltiples para abordar el problema de la crisis y llama la atención sobre las discrepancias existentes sobre las causas de su origen y propagación. El tema es complejo pero su estudio por escuelas de pensamiento económico libera la explicación de obscuridades y le confiere claridad y precisión. Por otra parte, la preocupación del autor va más allá del discurso meramente teórico, ya que, además, realiza una historia económica comparativa de las recesiones económicas de los treinta y ochenta en nuestro país. El análisis se lo efectuó sin perder de vista lo que acontece en los países centrales, destacando que la crisis surge allende de nuestras fronteras y se transmite a la periferie a través de las políticas económicas implementadas por dichos países. Lo anterior no debe inducir a pensar que no hayan factores internos que coadyuven o aceleren los efectos de la crisis. Este trabajo pionero en el Ecuador, esta [sic] llamado a constituirse en un libro de consulta obligada para quienes aspiren a profundizar sus conocimientos en teoría e histórica [sic] económica."

    Abbreviated table of contents:

    Prólogo 9
    Introducción 11
    Capítulo 1: Teoría Económica y Crisis 15
    Capítulo 2: La Crisis de los Años 1929-33 57
    Capítulo 3: La Crisis de los Años Ochenta 107
    Capítulo 4: Resultados y conclusiones 155
    Bibliografía 163
    Anexos 167


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  • Sierra, Enrique & Oswaldo Padilla. Ecuador: Políticas Financieras y de Convertibilidad. 1997. 293 pp. Quito: V&O gráficas. ISBN: 79-028-4. Review from the rear cover:

    "La convertibilidad se fue por la cochera", tituló con ingenio, el 9-II-97, "El Comercio", prestigioso medio de Quito, aludiendo a la cesación del Presidente de la República, acordada por el H. Congreso Nacional.

    Pero, ¿Qué fue lo que realmente salió por la cochera de Carondelet?. Mucho de la propuesta de cambiar la convertibildad monetariaquedó penado en el Palacio de Gobierno y en otros centros de decisión.

    El presente libro--de prestigiosos economistas, y también autores de otras obras--analiza en profundidad la ideología, teorí y funcionamiento de los regímenes cambiario y monetario, y de las políticas financieras en que se manifiesta la convertibilidad.

    Los antecedentes y resultados de las políticas ecuatorianas, son develados en sus características y riesgos, al mismo tiempo que se adelantan alternativas para enfrentar la problemática financiera.

    Los análisis de Ecuador, Argentina, Chile y América Latina, son de utilidad práctica para banqueros, exportadores, productores, funcionarios públicos; para líderes civiles y gremiales; catedráticos, investigadores y estudiosos de la realidad nacional."


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  • Viteri Díaz, Galo. Las políticas de ajuste, Ecuador 1982-1996: Evaluación de resultados. 1998. Primera Edición. 216 pp. Serie Libros de Bolsillo 12. ISBN: 9978-84-243-8. Quito: Corporación Editora Nacional.

    Review from the back cover:

    "La economía ecuatoriana en los años setenta, caracterizada por un eufórico crecimiento fundamentado en la bonanza petrolera y al mismo tiempo por la contratación de abundante deuda externa, a partir de los años ochenta afronta una situación de grave crisis que cada vez se hace más profunda.

    Sucesivos gobiernos han afrontado el problema, cada una desde su perspectiva económica, mediante la aplicación de políticas de ajuste inspiradas en las recomendaciones del Fondo Monetario Internacional.

    En este estudio, el economista Galo Viteri hace un exhaustivo recorrido por los diferentes gobiernos--desde Hurtado en 1982, hasta el inconcluso gobierno de Bucaram en 1996--para analizar las políticas de ajuste implementadas en el país, y termina con una evaluación de resultados globales que toma en cuenta indicadores básicas como producto interno bruto, inflación, empleo, salarios, exportaciones, finanzas públicas, gasto social, deuda externa, inversión, y otros, para arribar a las respectivas conclusiones y perspectivas de superación de dicha crisis."

    Abbreviated table of contents:

    Introducción 9
    Capítulo I: El ajuste en el gobierno de Osvaldo Hurtado 11
    Capítulo II: El gobierno de León Febres Cordero y la profundización del ajuste 27
    Capítulo III: El gobierno de Rodrigo Borja y el ajuste gradual 55
    Capítulo IV: El gobierno de Sixto Durán Ballén y el ajuste recesivo 89
    Capítulo V: El gobierno de Abdalá Bucaram y la profundización de la estrategia de ajuste neoliberal 169
    Capítulo VI: Resultados globales de las políticas de ajuste aplicadas en el Ecuador durante el período 1982-1996 179
    Capítulo VII: Conclusiones y perspectivas 209
    Bibliografía 211
    El autor 217

Books discussing Ecuador's post-1999 economic situation and/or dollarization
  • Acosta, Alberto & José E. Juncosa (eds.) Dolarización: Informe Urgente. 2000. 257 pp. Quito: ILDIS/Abya-Yala. ISBN: 9978-04-571-6. Collection of essays about Ecuador's dollarization, including all points of view.

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  • Cordeiro, José Luis. La segunda muerte de Sucre...y el renacer del Ecuador. 1st Edition, June 1999 (1st Reprinting, July 1999). 218 pp. Quito: Impresos Nicola. ISBN: 980-6073-41-X. Nationwide best seller. Discussion of the economic problems facing Ecuador in 1999, and the possible future of Ecuador with dollarization and globalization. Appendices: A) Brief numismatic history of Ecuador; B) population, inflation, import, export, per capita GNP, and exchange rate information from 1900-1999 by year, and a brief timeline of Ecuador's economic/numismatic history from its independence in 1830; C) information on how Ecuador's inflation is measured; D) FAQ about fixed exchange rates (supposedly from www.his.com/~ieep/sucre.htm). 8-page bibliography, 1 page about the author, 1 page showing the gradually decreasing size of 1-sucre coins from 1888 to 1986 and 1988. With novelty note of 1,000,000 sucres.

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  • Delgado Jara, Diego. Atraco Bancario y Dolarización. Feb. 2000. 183 pp. Quito: Ediciones Gallo Rojo. ISBN 9978-41-260-3. Anti-dollarization book. Argues that dollarization is a means for the bankers and exporters to continue bad fiscal practices and that Ecuador's dollarization, besides being unconstitutional, will be bad for consumers.

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  • Lucas, Kintto. La Rebelión de los Índios. Second Edition. March 2000. 208 pp. Quito: Abya-Yala. ISBN: 9978-04-512-0. Gives a day-by-day account of the events of January 2000, when the country's indigenous population rose up after then-President Jamil Mahuad's declaration that the country would dollarize and overthrew him. Includes some background information. The majority in Spanish, but pp. 183-208 in English.

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  • Lucio-Paredes, Pablo. El Libro de la Dolarización: Lo que todos deben saber. Second Updated Edition. April 2000. 144 pp. Quito: Megagraph. ISBN: 0082: 9789978412350. Argues that dollarization is not a cure-all but that it does force the government to act responsibly, because they can no longer solve problems by printing more money. In this sense Ecuador's dollarization is positive because it is an opportunity for it to make a new start, but this will depend on the willingness of the society itself to make a change. Attempts to identify myths about dollarization and correct them.

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  • Montalvo G., Mariana. Secretos de la Inflación, Deflación, Convertibilidad, y Dolarización: Sobreviva al Cambio. 1999. 93 pp. ISBN: 9978-40-890-8. A relatively thin, practical guide to economic phenomena important to Ecuador's foreign exchange: inflation, deflation, convertibility, and dollarization. With a number of applied examples, and tips for surviving the change.

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  • Núñez, Jorge (ed.). Bancos y Banqueros: De Urbina Jado a Aspiazu. 1999. 151 pp. Quito: Editorial "El Conejo" (email: elconejo@attglobal.net). ISBN: 9978-87-190-X.A collection of essays by Jorge Núñez, Juan Paz y Miño, guillermo Arosemena, Jorge Vivanco Mendieta, Jorge Rodríguez, Raúl Vallejo, Francisco Huerta Montalvo, Susana cordero de Espinosa, and Ramiro Larrea Sántos. Attempts to trace the development of Ecuador's "bankocracy" through the century, from its "adolescence" at the beginning of the century, through its rise in influence in national government and politics, to the close of the century, with fourteen banks in liquidation and the system in grave crisis.

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  • Sierra C., Enrique, Oswaldo Padilla P., & Pswaldo Molina G. Ecuador: La Dolarización "en fácil": Conceptos, Consecuencias y Alternativas. Feb. 2000. 107 pp., on cheap paper. Quito: Edidac S.A. (email: edidac@distrilibro.com). ISBN: 9978-79-038-1. Thin book in large print that explains some important concepts, beginning with the function of money, and going through motivations for dollarization, convertibility, the experience of Argentina, and advantages and disadvantages of dollarization. Points out some potential serious problems with dollarization, and proposes an alternative package of new regulatory bodies, etc. In the event that the dollarization attempt fails, suggests the formation of a new sucre worth 1000 old sucres, which was the same proposal made by Bucaram.
Mixed: Two or more of the above topics
  • Banco Central del Ecuador. Billetes y Monedas del Ecuador en Circulación. Nov. 1997. This is a book version of a very expensive leather-bound collection of coins/bills they were selling in 1997-98. Contains some useful information, such as information on the amount of bills produced in 1927-28, security measures in the 20000 and 50000 sucres bills, and descriptions of some bank policies. Color photos/descriptions of the commemorative gold and silver coins produced in the 1990's and coins/bills in circulation then.
See also the following pages for related listings:

View/report errors in standard catalogs or other reference works
View/report information on Ecuadorian coin mintages
Announcing two new varieties of the 1833 1 Real!

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